These are hard times for us all, and nobody can say what the future holds. Last week we all experienced, together, the horror of an attack on a shul in Har Nof, in which four pious rabbis were killed, and almost 20 others were wounded, mostly people in the middle of prayers. Pictures of that attack evoked memories of scenes we have not experienced in 70 years.

In this most recent tragedy, just one of many, fate decreed that I had a connection to two out of the four Har Nof families in mourning, and many of you in Baltimore have at least one connection as well. Wednesday evening I paid condolence calls to Agassi Street in Har Nof, where the murders occurred, and where those two families live. Rabbi Arye Kupinsky, hy”d, of Har Nof was raised in Kiryat Arba, my town, and my family has several connections to his family, which still lives there. I also paid a call to the Twersky family, down the street, who were mourning Rabbi Mosheh Twersky, hy”d. There, as I had thought I might, I found Rabbi Twersky’s sister Tzippora, and her husband, Rabbi Jonathan Rosenblatt, a close childhood friend from Baltimore. The couple had just flown in from the Bronx, where Jonathan is a rabbi.

In my last article, from early July, “Giving the Arabs Something to Lose,” I made an attempt to predict what was going to happen if a war began with Hamas. Afterwards, I received compliments that I had done a decent job with my predictions.

Frankly, I don’t know how good a job I did. There were a lot of surprises. Everything in real life proved to be more exaggerated than I had foreseen.

First of all, I could not have predicted the passions this war would raise in me. As a card-carrying fifth-generation American Litvak (all of whose ancestors came from Kovne), I am a fairly calm, passionless person. Yet in this war we discovered a ghoulish enemy that builds terror tunnels with which to engage in mass attacks on Israel, an enemy that revels in the death of its own citizenry. That enemy combines the more horrifying aspects of H.G. Well’s science fiction work The Time Machine with the first frightening movie I ever saw, a 1950’s B-movie called “Invasions from Mars,” and makes them look, by comparison, like “Bambi’s Greatest Adventure.”

Hamas, the ruling government of Gaza, and, de facto, the most popular movement in Judea and Samaria, is in trouble. The financial support they thought they would gain by linking up with the Palestinian Authority has not materialized. Their hoped-for hostage deal with Israel fell through when the kidnappers killed the hostages. Their smuggling tunnels have been blocked off. The Egyptians oppose them, and are poised to execute over 500 protesters who, if not Hamas members, are similar.

Once more Hamas is desperate for some way to change its bad luck. They don’t like Jews, and, considering that they don’t terribly value their own lives, they have little to lose at this point by attacking Israel. Thus, after a few years of keeping their bombing of the Israeli South to an “acceptable” level, they have just now begun once more to provoke Israel by bombing the Israeli South massively. Worse, for the first time, their bombing is being accompanied by large-scale unrest in Arab areas of Israel, itself. In a word, Israeli Arab citizens are openly aligning themselves with the Arabs of Judea and Samaria. Israel seems headed for war.

I am writing these words in my home, Kiryat Arba-Hebron, Israel. Forty-seven years ago this week, Israel liberated all of Judea and Samaria, Israel’s biblical heartland, in six days. On 28 Iyar (June 7th that year), they liberated the Temple Mount, where the Temple will one day be rebuilt, and the next day they liberated Hebron, where the Patriarchs and Matriarchs of the Jewish People are buried. Ever since that year, many Jews in Israel have commemorated 28 Iyar each year, thanking G-d for the miracles of those times.

As a former Baltimorean, and a 30-year resident of Kiryat Arba-Hebron, I often find myself explaining Israeli history to some of our American eighteen-year-old yeshiva and seminary Shabbos guests, who don’t have a clue about these things. In 1967, I tell them, Israel conquered Judea and Samaria, known in the Western media as the “West Bank.” Judea and Samaria is the section of the Land of Israel that Jordan grabbed and held on to in 1948, which happens to contain the most famous Biblical cities: Hebron, Bethlehem, the City of David and the Temple Mount, Shilo, Bet-El, Shechem, and many